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AREA 6B: RADIO NAVIGATION
- Progress Report -
2. User Applications
Over recent years there has been a decline of users choice of Regional and Global radio-navigation services which included the demise of OMEGA and the widely used DECCA service that for a number of years remained popular for many hundreds of thousands, (potentially millions) of maritime users. Though LORAN and EUROFIX (wide area augmentation of GPS) is available in North West Europe, because there has been poor political direction as to sustaining its service beyond 2004, and due to limited availability of receivers, few use it and indeed most European users have opted for using a single service, GPS.
Previously, most users of radio-navigation services used to be found within the professional maritime or aviation community, these users were taught that it was unwise to rely on a single radio-navigation service, and all radio-navigation service should be treated as "an aid to navigation" and the derived position information was to be treated with caution.
There now is coming a New Age for radio-navigation where there is a radical change in the type of users and types of uses of the information, such as autonomous control or give control guidance for a number of processes of a safety critical nature including vehicle velocity For some of these new uses, rather than deciding whether or not to use the information to assist in their decision making processes, users will have to decide when to stop autonomous control, so to make decisions based on other information, such as sight and sound. The new users will utilise the information in a number of business and leisure land-based applications. These are as diverse as driving vehicles to navigating whilst walking and cycling. The number of users will explode from a few hundreds of thousand to many tens of millions.
With the arrival of this new age, there is a need to have a new perspective on the future outlook for radio-navigation. Because of the diverse nature of the users of radio-navigation ranging from positioning satellites in orbit to walking in the countryside, and because of the emerging socio-economic cultural changes requiring more and more dependence on decision support systems to enhance environmental protection, safety and efficiency, there is a great appetite for tools that can offer greater precision and integrity for all manner of processes. Fortunately, with the huge numbers of new age users, it is now far easier to contemplate research into the application of new and emerging technologies where previously costs would be prohibitive for potential number of exploitable products. Rather as in the past, future development looked at application specific scenarios for a few tens of thousand or less users or for those having a military role, there is need to look to application generic scenarios serving tens of millions of normal citizens who are engaged in a multitude of professional and leisure pursuits. Rather than looking at the capabilities of a system such as GPS or the future GALILEO and setting user requirements within the parameters that can be offered, now industry can realistically look to other technologies that can enhance the vertical and horizontal accuracies terrestrial and satellite based services, and therefore set the user requirements to a level offering optimum performance of the process or operation that they need to accomplish.
To assist in determining the accuracies required for achieving optimum levels of performance a series of tables have been drawn up. They accompany this note in the form of an EXCEL workbook as well as being pasted into this document. To ensure that the format and content will be of use, they technically mirror the European Maritime Radio-navigation Forum "user requirements" that have been used for addressing requirements at the United Nation International Maritime Organisation, and for European Commission Maritime user requirements for GNSS.
The purpose of producing the workbook is to enable easy interaction between user/experts of ROSETTA so as to arrive at a complete list of operations and processes with corresponding requirements for accuracy and integrity. The main emphasis at the moment should be place on the identifying the operation / process, the horizontal and vertical and accuracy, and the area of coverage (Local, Regional Global), (the other parameters are based on safety critical nature of them and can be addressed at a later stage.
The output of the tables will assist in determining non safety critical applications that can rely on one source of radio-navigation service, those of a safety critical nature or having serious financial consequence and therefore require a secondary service and/or increased integrity. It will also identify applications that require enhanced services that can-not be catered for by normal terrestrial or satellite services and may require high precision or indoor localisation within a restricted locality and therefore require complementary (interoperable) services originating from for example blue-tooth or pseudolites technology.
2.1 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE AND VEHICLES (CARS, BUSES, TRAMS AND TRUCKS) AND TRAILERS
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| Road Infrastructure and Vehicles (Cars, Buses, Trams and Trucks) and trailers. | |||||||||
| Collision Avoidance |
0.5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Navigation |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Vehicle Control / Guidance |
0.1
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Accident & Emergency response |
1-10
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Tracking Security |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Automatic Identification |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Resource Management |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Traffic Control |
10
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Bus & Tram fleet management |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ETA / Hailing at stop |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Passenger data |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Vehicle breakdown |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Passenger Emergency response |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Road Maintenance |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| GIS Infrastructure / Traffic Control |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Tunnel Control |
1
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
2.2: FREIGHT INTER-MODALITY
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| Freight Inter-modality | |||||||||
| ID - Hazardous Goods |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| ID - Obnoxious Goods |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| ID - Specials |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| ID - Other Goods |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
| Handling Equipment Navigation |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Local
|
1
|
| Stowage Location |
1
|
1
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Local
|
1
|
| Resource Management - Equipment |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Local
|
1
|
| ETA of Goods |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Global
|
1
|
2.3: RAIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND ROLLING STOCK
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| Rail Infrastructure and Rolling Stock | |||||||||
| TGV Location & ID |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Non TGV Location & ID (Rail Separation) |
1
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Movement Control (Traffic) |
1
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional - Local
|
1
|
| Resource Management |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Tracking Rolling Stock |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Rail Maintenance |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Emergency Response |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Tunnel Control |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
2.4: LAND MOBILE WALKERS, CYCLISTS AND LEISURE PURSUITS
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| Land Mobile Walkers, Cyclists and Leisure Pursuits | |||||||||
| Navigation |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Tracking |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Mayday Position |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Mayday Position in Buildings |
1.5
|
1.5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| GIS Surveillance |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Blind |
3
|
1.5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Local
|
1
|
| Emergency Response |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Emergency Response in Buildings |
1.5
|
1.5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Recreational Pursuits |
2
|
2
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
2.5: MAYDAY RESOURCES & CITIZENS WELL BEING
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| MAYDAY Resources & Citizen's Well Being | |||||||||
| ID Paramedic Medical Service |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ID - Doctor on call |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Air Ambulance / SAR Navigation |
5
|
20
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Mountain Rescue foot and off-road Navigation |
5
|
20
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ID - Road Ambulance |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Ambulance Resource Management |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Hospital Casualty Ambulance ETA |
5
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Local
|
1
|
| Citizen Health monitoring / alarm |
5-20
|
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Police Surveillance |
5
|
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ID - Police on foot |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ID - Police in vehicle |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| ID - Fire Engine |
20
|
N/A
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| On site Incident Control |
20
|
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
|
2.6: ENVIRONMENT FOR LEISURE, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND POTENTIAL EFFECT ON OTHER AREAS. (FLOODING, EARTHQUAKE, POLLUTIONS ETC.)
|
System level parameters
|
Service Level parameters
|
|
|||||||
|
Absolute Accuracy
|
Integrity
|
Availability
% per 30 days |
Continuity
% over 3 hours |
Coverage
|
Fix interval (seconds)
|
||||
| Application |
Horizontal (metres)
|
Vertical (metres)
|
Alert limit (metres)
|
Time to alarm (seconds)
|
Integrity risk (per 3 hours)
|
|
|
|
|
| Environment for leisure, environmental protection and potential effect on other areas. (flooding, earthquake, pollutions etc.) | |||||||||
| Endangered Species |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| River / Lake water level |
1
|
0.01
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| Tracking Pollutant |
20
|
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Sediment Survey |
0.1
|
0.1
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
| GIS / Navigation Support |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Site / Area Management |
5
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Resource Management |
20
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Farm Management |
20
|
5
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
N/A
|
Regional
|
1
|
| Farm Crop Seeding |
0.01
|
0.04
|
25
|
10
|
10-5
|
99.8
|
99.97
|
Local
|
1
|
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